Green Crackers: Less Harmful, But Not Completely Safe
As Diwali approaches, markets across India are buzzing with a new wave of eco-friendly firecrackers popularly known as “green crackers.” Promoted as a safer alternative to traditional fireworks, these products are designed to reduce air and noise pollution. However, while green crackers may offer a relatively cleaner celebration, experts warn that they are not entirely harmless.
What Are Green Crackers?
Developed by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), green crackers are manufactured using fewer polluting raw materials. They are said to emit 30-35% less particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxide compared to conventional firecrackers. Additionally, many green crackers come with QR codes that allow consumers to verify their authenticity and track emissions.
Green crackers come in various types — SWAS (Safe Water Releaser), STAR (Safe Thermite Cracker), and SAFAL (Safe Minimal Aluminium). Each has its own chemical composition designed to reduce specific types of pollution. These crackers are also relatively quieter, adhering to the noise level limit of 110 decibels set by the Central Pollution Control Board.
The Hidden Costs of “Green” Fireworks
Despite the improvements, scientists and environmentalists urge caution. “Green crackers are a step in the right direction, but calling them ‘safe’ can be misleading,” says Dr. Meera Kamat, an environmental health expert. “They still release pollutants, contribute to smog, and can be harmful for people with respiratory conditions.”
A 2024 report from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi found that green crackers still contribute significantly to post-Diwali air pollution spikes, especially in densely populated urban areas. The smoke contains fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which can penetrate deep into the lungs and cause long-term health issues.
Moreover, the term “green” has often been misused by unscrupulous sellers. Many illegally labeled traditional crackers as green, making regulation difficult and consumer awareness critical.
While green crackers are an improvement over traditional fireworks, they are far from being a sustainable or health-friendly solution. Experts recommend alternatives like laser shows, eco-friendly lamps, or community celebrations to truly reduce environmental impact.
This Diwali, choosing green crackers over traditional ones may reduce harm — but only marginally. For a safer, cleaner celebration, going cracker-free remains the best option.
Prerna Varshney is a journalist and social commentator with over five years of experience in health, gender, and policy reporting. Her work reflects a deep commitment to truth and empathy, simplifying complex issues for everyday readers.
